UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit
Encoding
The first 128 characters of Unicode, which correspond one-to-one with ASCII are encoded using a single byte with the same binary value as ASCII, so that valid ASCII text is valid UTF-8-encoded Unicode as well.
| Unicode Points | UTF-8 Encoding | Bytes |
|---|---|---|
| 0000~007F | 0xxxxxxx | 1 |
| 0080~07FF | 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx | 2 |
| 0800~FFFF | 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx | 3 |
| 10000~1FFFFF | 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx | 4 |
| 200000~3FFFFFF | 111110xx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx | 5 |
| 4000000~7FFFFFFF | 111110x 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx | 6 |
Where x represents the bits of the corresponding Unicode point |