Definition

The sets and have the same cardinality if and only if there is one-to-one correspondence from to . When and have the same cardinality, we write

If there is a one-to-one function from to , the cardinality of is less than or the same as the cardinality of and we write .

If and are sets with and , then

Countable Sets

A set that is either finite or has the same cardinality as the set of positive integers is called countable. A set that is not countable is called uncountable. When an infinite set is countable, we denote the cardinality of by . We write and say that has cardinality "aleph null"

If and are countable sets, then is also countable.

The Continuum Hypothesis

Cantor states that the cardinality of a set is always less than the cardinality of its power set. Hence, . We can rewrite this as . We denote

We have

The continuum hypothesis is that there is no cardinal number between these numbers:

where